Introduction
Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that can be life-threatening if not detected and treated early. It occurs when melanocytes, the cells that produce the pigment melanin, begin to grow out of control. While it can occur anywhere on the body, it’s most commonly found on parts of the body that receive more exposure to the sun, such as the face, arms, legs, and back. It’s important to know what melanoma looks like on the skin so you can recognize it and get prompt medical attention.
Signs and Symptoms to Look Out For
Melanoma can look different from person to person, but there are some common signs and symptoms to keep an eye out for:
Moles
Moles are one of the most common indicators of melanoma. While most moles are benign, they can become cancerous. If you notice any changes in size, shape, or color of your moles, it’s best to have them checked out by a doctor. A mole that’s asymmetrical, has irregular edges, or has multiple colors could be a sign of melanoma.
Changes in Skin Texture
Melanomas can also cause changes in the texture of the skin. This could be anything from crusty patches or rough spots to bumps or lumps. If you notice any changes in the texture of your skin, it’s best to have it checked out by a doctor.
Unexplained Bleeding
Unexplained bleeding is another potential sign of melanoma. If you notice any areas of your skin that are bleeding, even if it’s just a small amount, it’s best to get them checked out by a doctor.
Dark Patches or Spots
Dark patches or spots on the skin can also be a sign of melanoma. If you notice any dark patches or spots on your skin that weren’t there before, it’s best to have them checked out by a doctor.
Causes of Melanoma
While the exact cause of melanoma is unknown, there are several factors that increase your risk, including:
UV Exposure
Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds can damage the DNA in your skin cells, leading to the development of melanoma.
Genetic Factors
Certain genetic factors can make you more likely to develop melanoma, such as having fair skin or a family history of the disease.
Certain Medications
Certain medications, such as those used to treat psoriasis, can also increase your risk of developing melanoma.
Diagnosis and Treatment Options
If you suspect you may have melanoma, it’s important to see a doctor right away. Your doctor will perform a physical exam and may order one or more of the following tests to diagnose the condition:
Diagnostic Tests
Your doctor may order a biopsy to take a sample of the suspicious area of skin and examine it under a microscope. He or she may also order imaging tests, such as an MRI or CT scan, to look for any other signs of melanoma.
Surgery
If the melanoma is diagnosed early, surgery may be recommended to remove the affected tissue. In some cases, more extensive surgery may be necessary to remove larger tumors or lymph nodes.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy may be used to treat melanoma that is spread to other parts of the body. This therapy uses high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy may be used to treat advanced stages of melanoma. This treatment involves using drugs to kill cancer cells.
Prevention Tips
The best way to prevent melanoma is to practice safe sun habits:
Wear Sunscreen
Always wear sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 when outdoors, even on cloudy days. Reapply every two hours and after swimming or sweating.
Avoid Tanning Beds
Tanning beds emit dangerous levels of UV radiation that can increase your risk of developing melanoma.
Regularly Check Your Skin
It’s important to regularly check your skin for any changes. If you notice anything unusual, it’s best to have it checked out by a doctor right away.
Conclusion
Melanoma is a potentially life-threatening form of skin cancer that can be difficult to detect. Knowing what to look for and taking preventive measures can help reduce your risk. Be sure to practice safe sun habits, such as wearing sunscreen and avoiding tanning beds, and regularly check your skin for any changes.
